* Citrus fruits
o Lime (fruit), various green to yellow fruits
+ Australian lime
+ Blood lime
+ Kaffir lime
+ Key lime
+ Persian lime
+ Citrus limetta
+ Limequat
+ Musk lime
* Spanish lime or mamoncillo
* Wild lime (Zanthoxylum fagara)
* Tilia, lime trees or lindens
o Tilia_×_europaea, common lime
[edit] Color
* Lime (color), the color halfway between yellow and chartreuse green
[edit] Chemicals, minerals, and materials
* Agricultural lime, pulverized rock containing primarily calcium carbonate
* Calcium oxide, also known as burnt lime, quicklime or unslaked lime
* Calcium hydroxide, also known as slaked lime, slack lime, pickling lime or hydrated lime
* Hydraulic lime
* Lime (material), a group of calcium compounds and minerals in which they predominate
* Lime mortar
* Lime plaster
* Lime water, common name for saturated calcium hydroxide solution
[edit] Places
* Lime Lake (disambiguation)
* Lime Township, Blue Earth County, Minnesota
* Lime, Oregon
* Limé, a French commune in the Aisne departments
[edit] Business and entertainment
* Lime (magazine)
* Lime Pictures
* Lime (TV), a lifestyle based content distribution
* Lime (band), a 1980s disco band
* Lime (Arvingarna album), by Swedish "dansband" Arvingarna
* A character from the anime series Saber Marionette J
* LIME (Landline, Internet, Mobile and Entertainment), formerly Cable & Wireless (Caribbean)
[edit] Other
* Limes, a border defense system of Ancient Rome
* LIME, a mobile middleware
* LIME, the airport code for Orio al Serio Airport, in Bergamo, Italy
* LimeWire, free peer-to-peer file sharing (P2P) client for the Java platform
[edit] See also
* Limey (disambiguation page)
* Liming (disambiguation)
* Lyme disease
* The Lives of Harry Lime
* Lima (disambiguation)
* Lemon
Showing posts with label cheap lime. Show all posts
Showing posts with label cheap lime. Show all posts
Wednesday, May 4, 2011
Original lime Defination
For other uses, see Lime (disambiguation).
Question book-new.svg
This article needs additional citations for verification.
Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2009)
Unripened Key limes
Lime, raw (edible parts) Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy 126 kJ (30 kcal)
Carbohydrates 11 g
- Sugars 1.7 g
- Dietary fiber 3 g
Fat 0.2 g
Protein 0.7 g
Water 88 g
Vitamin C 29 mg (48%)
Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults.
Source: USDA Nutrient database
Lime is a term referring to a number of different fruits, both species and hybrids, citruses, which are typically round, green to yellow in color, 3–6 cm in diameter, and containing sour and acidic pulp; they are a good source of vitamin C. Limes are often used to accent the flavours of foods and beverages. Limes are grown all year round and are usually smaller and sweeter than lemons.
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Uses
o 1.1 Cooking
o 1.2 Other uses
* 2 Production trends
* 3 Plants known as "lime"
* 4 Gallery
* 5 References
[edit] Uses
[edit] Cooking
Zesting a lime
In cooking, lime is valued both for the acidity of its juice and the floral aroma of its zest. It is a very common ingredient in authentic Mexican, Southwestern United States, Vietnamese and Thai dishes. It is also used for its pickling properties in ceviche. The use of dried limes (called black lime or loomi) as a flavouring is typical of Persian cuisine and Iraqi cuisine, as well as in Gulf-style baharat (a spice mixture that is also called kabsa or kebsa). Lime is an essential ingredient of any cuisine from India, and many varieties of pickles are made, e.g. sweetened lime pickle, salted pickle, and lime chutney.[1][2]
Lime leaves are also a herb in South, East, and Southeast Asia.
Lime is frequently used to add flavour to cold and hot drinks, including water, tonic and other cocktails.
[edit] Other uses
To prevent scurvy during the 19th century, British sailors were issued a daily allowance of citrus such as lemon, and later switched to lime,[3] which was not as effective at preventing scurvy but was easier to obtain on Britain's Caribbean colonies. It was later discovered that the greater effectiveness of lemons derived from the 4-fold higher quantities of vitamin C lemon juice contains compared to the West Indian limes used by the British.
Lime extracts and essential oils are frequently used in perfumes, cleaning products, and aromatherapy.
In India, the lime is used in Tantra for removing evil spirits. It is also combined with Indian chilis to make a protective charm to repel the evil eye.[4] Furthermore, it was believed that hanging limes over sick people cured them of the illness by repelling evil spirits lurking inside the body.
[edit] Production trends
India, with about 16% of the world's overall lemon and lime output, tops the production list, followed by Mexico (~14.5%), Argentina (~10%), Brazil (~8%) and Spain (~7%).
Promotional photo for California limes, 1948
Top ten lemon and limes producers — 2007
Country Production (Tonnes) Footnote
India 2060000 F
Mexico 1880000 F
Argentina 1260000 F
Brazil 1060000 F
Spain 880000 F
People's Republic of China 745100 F
United States 722000
Turkey 706652
Iran 615000 F
Italy 546584
World 13032388 A
No symbol = official figure, P = official figure, F = FAO estimate, * = Unofficial/Semi-official/mirror data, C = Calculated figure A = Aggregate (may include official, semi-official or estimates);
Source: Food And Agricultural Organization of United Nations: Economic And Social Department: The Statistical Division
[edit] Plants known as "lime"
* Australian limes
o Australian desert lime (Citrus glauca)
o Australian finger lime (Citrus australasica)
o Australian round lime (Citrus australis)
* Blood lime
* Kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix) (kieffer lime; makrut, or magrood)
* Key lime (Citrus aurantifolia) (Mexican, West Indian, or bartender's lime)
* Mandarin Lime (Citrus limonia)
* Musk lime (Citrofortunella mitis)
* Palestine sweet lime (Citrus x limettioides)
* Persian lime (Citrus x latifolia) (Tahiti or Bearss lime)
* Rangpur lime, a mandarin orange - lemon hybrid
* Spanish lime (Melicoccus bijugatus) (mamoncillo, mamón, ginep, quenepa, or limoncillo) (not a citrus)
* Sweet lime (Citrus limetta) (sweet limetta, Mediterranean sweet lemon)
* Wild lime (Adelia ricinella)
* Limequat (lime × kumquat)
* Lime tree (Tilia sp.)
[edit] Gallery
*
Limes whole and halved.jpg
*
Lime444.jpg
*
Kaffir lime fruit
*
Lime wedges are typically used in drinks
*
Grocery store limes
*
Lime and Blossom growing in south Spain
Question book-new.svg
This article needs additional citations for verification.
Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2009)
Unripened Key limes
Lime, raw (edible parts) Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy 126 kJ (30 kcal)
Carbohydrates 11 g
- Sugars 1.7 g
- Dietary fiber 3 g
Fat 0.2 g
Protein 0.7 g
Water 88 g
Vitamin C 29 mg (48%)
Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults.
Source: USDA Nutrient database
Lime is a term referring to a number of different fruits, both species and hybrids, citruses, which are typically round, green to yellow in color, 3–6 cm in diameter, and containing sour and acidic pulp; they are a good source of vitamin C. Limes are often used to accent the flavours of foods and beverages. Limes are grown all year round and are usually smaller and sweeter than lemons.
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Uses
o 1.1 Cooking
o 1.2 Other uses
* 2 Production trends
* 3 Plants known as "lime"
* 4 Gallery
* 5 References
[edit] Uses
[edit] Cooking
Zesting a lime
In cooking, lime is valued both for the acidity of its juice and the floral aroma of its zest. It is a very common ingredient in authentic Mexican, Southwestern United States, Vietnamese and Thai dishes. It is also used for its pickling properties in ceviche. The use of dried limes (called black lime or loomi) as a flavouring is typical of Persian cuisine and Iraqi cuisine, as well as in Gulf-style baharat (a spice mixture that is also called kabsa or kebsa). Lime is an essential ingredient of any cuisine from India, and many varieties of pickles are made, e.g. sweetened lime pickle, salted pickle, and lime chutney.[1][2]
Lime leaves are also a herb in South, East, and Southeast Asia.
Lime is frequently used to add flavour to cold and hot drinks, including water, tonic and other cocktails.
[edit] Other uses
To prevent scurvy during the 19th century, British sailors were issued a daily allowance of citrus such as lemon, and later switched to lime,[3] which was not as effective at preventing scurvy but was easier to obtain on Britain's Caribbean colonies. It was later discovered that the greater effectiveness of lemons derived from the 4-fold higher quantities of vitamin C lemon juice contains compared to the West Indian limes used by the British.
Lime extracts and essential oils are frequently used in perfumes, cleaning products, and aromatherapy.
In India, the lime is used in Tantra for removing evil spirits. It is also combined with Indian chilis to make a protective charm to repel the evil eye.[4] Furthermore, it was believed that hanging limes over sick people cured them of the illness by repelling evil spirits lurking inside the body.
[edit] Production trends
India, with about 16% of the world's overall lemon and lime output, tops the production list, followed by Mexico (~14.5%), Argentina (~10%), Brazil (~8%) and Spain (~7%).
Promotional photo for California limes, 1948
Top ten lemon and limes producers — 2007
Country Production (Tonnes) Footnote
India 2060000 F
Mexico 1880000 F
Argentina 1260000 F
Brazil 1060000 F
Spain 880000 F
People's Republic of China 745100 F
United States 722000
Turkey 706652
Iran 615000 F
Italy 546584
World 13032388 A
No symbol = official figure, P = official figure, F = FAO estimate, * = Unofficial/Semi-official/mirror data, C = Calculated figure A = Aggregate (may include official, semi-official or estimates);
Source: Food And Agricultural Organization of United Nations: Economic And Social Department: The Statistical Division
[edit] Plants known as "lime"
* Australian limes
o Australian desert lime (Citrus glauca)
o Australian finger lime (Citrus australasica)
o Australian round lime (Citrus australis)
* Blood lime
* Kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix) (kieffer lime; makrut, or magrood)
* Key lime (Citrus aurantifolia) (Mexican, West Indian, or bartender's lime)
* Mandarin Lime (Citrus limonia)
* Musk lime (Citrofortunella mitis)
* Palestine sweet lime (Citrus x limettioides)
* Persian lime (Citrus x latifolia) (Tahiti or Bearss lime)
* Rangpur lime, a mandarin orange - lemon hybrid
* Spanish lime (Melicoccus bijugatus) (mamoncillo, mamón, ginep, quenepa, or limoncillo) (not a citrus)
* Sweet lime (Citrus limetta) (sweet limetta, Mediterranean sweet lemon)
* Wild lime (Adelia ricinella)
* Limequat (lime × kumquat)
* Lime tree (Tilia sp.)
[edit] Gallery
*
Limes whole and halved.jpg
*
Lime444.jpg
*
Kaffir lime fruit
*
Lime wedges are typically used in drinks
*
Grocery store limes
*
Lime and Blossom growing in south Spain
Monday, May 2, 2011
QUICKLIME
1. IDENTIFICATION OF THE SUBSTANCE AND OF THE COMPANY
1.1. Identification of the substance
Substance name
Quicklime
Synonyms
Lime, Burnt lime, Un-slaked lime, Building lime, Fat lime, Chemical lime, Fluxing lime, Hard burnt lime, Soft burnt lime, Pebble lime, Calcium oxide, Quick lime.
This list may not be exhaustive.
Chemical name and formula
Calcium oxide – CaO
Trade Name
To be filled in for the concerned country
CAS n°
1305-78-8
EINECS n°
215-138-9
Molecular weight
56,08
1.2. Material use
- Building material industry: mortar, rendering, silica brick, aerated concrete, refractories
- Chemical industry: catalyst, neutralisation, pH-adjustment
- Steel industry: fluxes, refining
- Agriculture: fertiliser
- Biocidal use
- Environmental protection: flue gas treatment, waste water treatment, sludge treatment
- Drinking water treatment: pH-value, decarbonisation, softening, hardening
- Feed, food and pharmaceutical industries: nutrition, additive, sugar refining
- Civil engineering: soil stabilisation
- Paper and paint industry
- Glass industry
Please note that this list may not be exhaustive.
1.3. Company identification
CARMEUSE COORDINATION CENTER
Bld de Lauzelle 65
B-138 Louvain-la-Neuve - Belgique
Tel +32-10-481600 Fax +32-10-481666
1.4. Emergency telephone
European Emergency N°
112
National centre for Prevention and Treatment of Intoxications N°
To be filled in for the concerned country
Fire brigade / SAMU N°
To be filled in for the concerned country
2. COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
2.1. Composition / information on ingredients
Calcium oxide, small quantities of calcium carbonate, calcium dihydroxide, magnesium oxide, silicon oxide, aluminium oxide, iron oxide and trace elements. Product is obtained from natural minerals; purity level may vary according to their origins.
SDS CaO CM 10-2006 Corporate EN Page 1/6
2.2. Chemical characterization
2.2.1. : CAS N°
1305-78-8
2.2.2. : Chemical name
Calcium oxide
2.2.5. : EINECS N°
215-138-9
3. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
3.1. Indication of hazard
Xi Irritant
3.2. Human health
Risk phrases
R37 Irritating to respiratory system
R38 Irritating to skin
R41 Risk of serious damage to eyes
Warning phrase
In contrast to the powder itself, the product, when diluted with water, can produce severe skin damage in humans (alkaline burns), especially if prolonged skin contacts take place.
4. FIRST-AID MEASURES
4.1. Eyes
Immediately flush eyes with water (saline solution is preferred) for at least 15 to 20 minutes. Seek medical attention. Quick response is essential
4.2. Inhalation
Move source of dust or move affected person to fresh air. Seek medical attention immediately.
4.3. Ingestion
Wash mouth with water and drink copious quantities of water. Do not induce vomiting. Seek medical advice immediately.
4.4. Skin
Carefully and gently brush the contaminated body surfaces in order to remove all traces of product. Wash affected area immediately with plenty of water. Remove contaminated clothing.
4.5. General advise
No known delayed effects. Consult a physician for all exposures except for minor instances.
5. FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURES
5.1. Flammability
The substance is not flammable, and non-combustible, it inhibits the spread of flame. The product reacts with water and generates heat. This may cause risk to flammable material.
5.2. Extinguishing media
The product does not burn. Avoid water and the humidification of the quicklime, use dry powder, foam or CO2 type of fire extinguishers to fight the surrounding fire.
SDS CaO CM 10-2006 Corporate EN Page 2/6
5.3. Combustion products
None
6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
6.1. Personal precautions
Avoid contact with skin and eyes, keep dust levels to a minimum, and ensure that sufficient ventilation or suitable respiratory protective equipment is used (Section 8).
6.2. Environmental precautions
Contain the spillage. Keep the material dry if possible. Cover area if possible to avoid unnecessary dust hazard. Avoid uncontrolled spills to watercourses and drains (pH rising). Any large spillage into watercourses must be alerted to the Environment Agency or other regulatory body.
6.3. Methods for cleaning up
Keep the material dry if possible. Pick up the product mechanically in a dry way. Use vacuum suction unit, or shovel into bags.
7. HANDLING AND STORAGE
7.1. Handling
Precautions for safe handling
Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Wear protective equipment (see section 8). Keep dust levels to a minimum. Minimise dust generation. Enclose dust sources, use exhaust ventilation (dust collector at handling points). Handling systems should preferably be enclosed. When handling bags usual precautions should be paid to the risks outlined in the Manual Handling Operations Regulations.
7.2. Storage
Precautions for safe storage
Store under dry conditions. Minimise contact with air and moisture. Bulk storage should be in purpose – designed silos. Keep away from acids, significant quantities of paper, straw, and nitro compounds. Keep out of reach of children. Do not use aluminium for transport or storage if there is a risk of contact with water.
8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION
8.1. Exposure limit values
8.1.1. CAS N° / EINECS N°
1305-78-8 / 215-138-9
8.1.2. Chemical name
Calcium oxide
8.1.3. Occupational exposure standard (OES)
To be checked for the concerned country. Usually 2 mg/m³.
8.2. Exposure controls
8.2.1. Occupational exposure controls
Handling systems should preferably be enclosed or suitable ventilation installed to maintain atmospheric dust below the OES, if not wear suitable protective equipment.
8.2.1.1. Respiratory protection
Use approved dust respirators to EN 149 category FFP2, or air stream-helmet for heavy exposure.
Use approved nitrile impregnated gloves having CE marks.
8.2.1.2. Hand protection
Tight fitting EN 166 standard goggles with side shields, or wide vision full goggles. Do not wear contact lenses when handling this product. It is also advisable to have individual pocket eyewash.
8.2.1.3. Eye protection
SDS CaO CM 10-2006 Corporate EN Page 3/6
SDS CaO CM 10-2006 Corporate EN Page 4/6
8.2.1.4. Skin protection
Clothing fully covering skin, full length pants, long sleeved overalls, with close fittings at openings. Footwear resistant to caustics, and avoiding dust penetration.
8.2.1.5. General safety and hygiene measure
Wear clean, dry personal protective equipment.
Barrier cream can be used if necessary.
If heavily exposed daily, employees must shower, and if necessary use a barrier cream to protect exposed skin, particularly neck, face and wrists.
8.2.2. Environmental exposure controls
All ventilation systems should be filtered before discharge to atmosphere.
9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
9.1. General information
9.1.1. Appearance
White or off white (beige) solid material of varying sizes: Lump, granular or fine powder.
9.1.2. Odour
Slight earthy odour.
9.2. Important health, safety and environmental information
Remark
Calcium oxide reacts exothermically with water to form Calcium hydroxide:
CaO + H2O �� Ca(OH)2 + 1155 kJ/kg CaO
pH
12,4 Ca(OH)2 saturated solution at 25°C
Solubility in water
1850 mg/l at 0°C
1650 mg/l at 20°C
770 mg/l at 100°C
Solubility
Soluble in ammonium salts, acids and glycerine.
Insoluble in alcohol.
9.3. Other information
Melting point
2570°C
Boiling point
2850°C at 100 hPa
Specific gravity
3,3 – 3,4 g/cm³ at 20°C
Bulk density
700 – 1300 kg/m³ at 20°C
Vapour pressure
Non volatile
Partition coefficient
Not applicable
Flash point
Not applicable
Flammability
Not flammable
Explosive properties
Not flammable
10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
10.1. Conditions to avoid
Minimise exposure to air and moisture to avoid degradation.
10.2. Materials to avoid
Calcium oxide reacts exothermically with water to form Calcium hydroxide:
CaO + H2O �� Ca(OH)2 + 1155 kJ/kg CaO
Calcium oxide reacts exothermically with acids to form Calcium salts.
Calcium oxide reacts with aluminium and brass in the presence of moisture leading to the production of hydrogen:
CaO + 2 Al + 7 H2O → Ca(Al(OH)4)2 + 3 H2
10.3. Additional remarks
Calcium oxide absorbs moisture and carbon dioxide from air to form calcium carbonate, which is a common substance in nature.
11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
11.1. Acute effect
Eye contact
Risk of serious damage to eyes.
Inhalation
Inhalation of dust causes discomfort to the upper respiratory tract. Irritant to the respiratory tract in high concentration of dust.
SDS CaO CM 10-2006 Corporate EN Page 5/6
Ingestion
Calcium oxide is not toxic. Large amounts may cause irritation to the gastrointestinal tract.
Skin contact
Irritating to skin in the presence of moisture.
11.2. Long term exposure
Eye contact
Risk of serious damage to eyes.
Inhalation
Prolonged and repeated inhalation of dust may affect the respiratory tract.
Skin contact
In case of prolonged skin contact, product may cause serious damage to skin in combination with moisture.
12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
12.1. Ecotoxicity
12.1.1. Acute/Prolonged toxicity to fish
On C. carpio LC50 = 1070 mg/l for 96 hours, the substance is non-toxic because the LC50-value is > 100mg/l.
12.1.2. Acute/Prolonged toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
On aquatic crustacea LC50 = 160 mg/l for 24 hours.
12.1.3. Acute/Prolonged toxicity to aquatic plants
No test data
12.1.4. Toxicity to micro-organisms, e.g., bacteria
At high concentration, through the rise of temperature and pH, calcium oxide is used for disinfection of sewage sludge.
12.1.5. Chronic toxicity to aquatic organisms
No data
12.1.6. Toxicity to soil dwelling organisms
No data
12.1.7. Toxicity to terrestrial plants
No data however calcium oxide is used as a fertiliser.
12.1.8. General effect
Acute pH effect. Although this product is useful to correct water acidity, an excess of more than 1 g/l may be harmful to aquatic life.
pH value of > 12 will rapidly decrease as result dilution and carbonation.
12.2. Mobility
Calcium oxide reacts with water and/or carbon dioxide to form respectively calcium hydroxide and/or calcium carbonate, which are sparingly soluble, and so present a low mobility in most ground. Moreover those products are used as fertilisers.
12.3. Persistence and degradability
Calcium oxide reacts with moisture and carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate, which is a common substance in nature.
12.4. Bioaccumulative potential
No bioaccumulation detectable. Degradation products, soluble calcium compounds and calcium carbonate are naturally found in the ecosystem.
13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
Waste identification code according list of waste
Waste resulting of this product is not considered as dangerous according to the European Council decision of January 16, 2001, modifying the 2000/532/EC decision about the list of wastes (101304).
14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION
14.1. Transport consideration
14.1.1. Classification
Not classified as hazardous for transport.
14.1.2. ADR (Road)
Not subject to identification
14.1.3. RID (Rail)
Not subject to identification
14.1.4. IMDG / GGVSea (Sea)
Not subject to identification
14.1.5. IATA-DGR / ICTAO-TI(Air)
UN Code 1910 – Class 8 – Packaging Group PG III
14.2. Special precaution
Avoid any release of dust during transportation, by using tight tanks for powders and covered trucks for pebbles.
15. REGULATORY INFORMATION
15.1. Labelling according to EEC-directives
15.1.1. Symbol and classification of the substance
Xi Irritant
15.1.2. Restriction of marketing and employment
None
15.1.3. National regulations
None
16. OTHER INFORMATION
16.1. Risk phrases
R37 Irritating to respiratory system
R38 Irritating to skin
R41 Risk of serious damage to eyes
In contrast to the powder itself, the product, when diluted with water, can produce severe skin damage in humans (alkaline burns), especially if prolonged skin contacts take place.
16.2. Safety phrases
S2 Keep out of reach of children
S25 Avoid contact with eyes
S26 In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice
S37 Wear suitable gloves
S39 Wear eye/face protection
16.3. Further information
This safety data sheet supplements the technical use instructions without replacing them. The information contained therein is based on the state of our knowledge regarding the product, at the mentioned date. They are provided in good faith. The users' attention is however drawn to eventual risks when the product is used for other purposes than those it is designed for. It does not exempt the user from knowing and applying all texts regulating his activity. It will be his sole responsibility to take all necessary precautions when using the product.
16.4. Guidance and references
Data sheet prepared in accordance with Directive 91/155/EEC modified by Directives 93/112/EEC, 99/45/EC and 2001/58/EC.
References:
IUCLID Dataset –2000
The Merck Index (Ed. Merck & Co, Rahway, USA)
1.1. Identification of the substance
Substance name
Quicklime
Synonyms
Lime, Burnt lime, Un-slaked lime, Building lime, Fat lime, Chemical lime, Fluxing lime, Hard burnt lime, Soft burnt lime, Pebble lime, Calcium oxide, Quick lime.
This list may not be exhaustive.
Chemical name and formula
Calcium oxide – CaO
Trade Name
To be filled in for the concerned country
CAS n°
1305-78-8
EINECS n°
215-138-9
Molecular weight
56,08
1.2. Material use
- Building material industry: mortar, rendering, silica brick, aerated concrete, refractories
- Chemical industry: catalyst, neutralisation, pH-adjustment
- Steel industry: fluxes, refining
- Agriculture: fertiliser
- Biocidal use
- Environmental protection: flue gas treatment, waste water treatment, sludge treatment
- Drinking water treatment: pH-value, decarbonisation, softening, hardening
- Feed, food and pharmaceutical industries: nutrition, additive, sugar refining
- Civil engineering: soil stabilisation
- Paper and paint industry
- Glass industry
Please note that this list may not be exhaustive.
1.3. Company identification
CARMEUSE COORDINATION CENTER
Bld de Lauzelle 65
B-138 Louvain-la-Neuve - Belgique
Tel +32-10-481600 Fax +32-10-481666
1.4. Emergency telephone
European Emergency N°
112
National centre for Prevention and Treatment of Intoxications N°
To be filled in for the concerned country
Fire brigade / SAMU N°
To be filled in for the concerned country
2. COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
2.1. Composition / information on ingredients
Calcium oxide, small quantities of calcium carbonate, calcium dihydroxide, magnesium oxide, silicon oxide, aluminium oxide, iron oxide and trace elements. Product is obtained from natural minerals; purity level may vary according to their origins.
SDS CaO CM 10-2006 Corporate EN Page 1/6
2.2. Chemical characterization
2.2.1. : CAS N°
1305-78-8
2.2.2. : Chemical name
Calcium oxide
2.2.5. : EINECS N°
215-138-9
3. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
3.1. Indication of hazard
Xi Irritant
3.2. Human health
Risk phrases
R37 Irritating to respiratory system
R38 Irritating to skin
R41 Risk of serious damage to eyes
Warning phrase
In contrast to the powder itself, the product, when diluted with water, can produce severe skin damage in humans (alkaline burns), especially if prolonged skin contacts take place.
4. FIRST-AID MEASURES
4.1. Eyes
Immediately flush eyes with water (saline solution is preferred) for at least 15 to 20 minutes. Seek medical attention. Quick response is essential
4.2. Inhalation
Move source of dust or move affected person to fresh air. Seek medical attention immediately.
4.3. Ingestion
Wash mouth with water and drink copious quantities of water. Do not induce vomiting. Seek medical advice immediately.
4.4. Skin
Carefully and gently brush the contaminated body surfaces in order to remove all traces of product. Wash affected area immediately with plenty of water. Remove contaminated clothing.
4.5. General advise
No known delayed effects. Consult a physician for all exposures except for minor instances.
5. FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURES
5.1. Flammability
The substance is not flammable, and non-combustible, it inhibits the spread of flame. The product reacts with water and generates heat. This may cause risk to flammable material.
5.2. Extinguishing media
The product does not burn. Avoid water and the humidification of the quicklime, use dry powder, foam or CO2 type of fire extinguishers to fight the surrounding fire.
SDS CaO CM 10-2006 Corporate EN Page 2/6
5.3. Combustion products
None
6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
6.1. Personal precautions
Avoid contact with skin and eyes, keep dust levels to a minimum, and ensure that sufficient ventilation or suitable respiratory protective equipment is used (Section 8).
6.2. Environmental precautions
Contain the spillage. Keep the material dry if possible. Cover area if possible to avoid unnecessary dust hazard. Avoid uncontrolled spills to watercourses and drains (pH rising). Any large spillage into watercourses must be alerted to the Environment Agency or other regulatory body.
6.3. Methods for cleaning up
Keep the material dry if possible. Pick up the product mechanically in a dry way. Use vacuum suction unit, or shovel into bags.
7. HANDLING AND STORAGE
7.1. Handling
Precautions for safe handling
Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Wear protective equipment (see section 8). Keep dust levels to a minimum. Minimise dust generation. Enclose dust sources, use exhaust ventilation (dust collector at handling points). Handling systems should preferably be enclosed. When handling bags usual precautions should be paid to the risks outlined in the Manual Handling Operations Regulations.
7.2. Storage
Precautions for safe storage
Store under dry conditions. Minimise contact with air and moisture. Bulk storage should be in purpose – designed silos. Keep away from acids, significant quantities of paper, straw, and nitro compounds. Keep out of reach of children. Do not use aluminium for transport or storage if there is a risk of contact with water.
8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION
8.1. Exposure limit values
8.1.1. CAS N° / EINECS N°
1305-78-8 / 215-138-9
8.1.2. Chemical name
Calcium oxide
8.1.3. Occupational exposure standard (OES)
To be checked for the concerned country. Usually 2 mg/m³.
8.2. Exposure controls
8.2.1. Occupational exposure controls
Handling systems should preferably be enclosed or suitable ventilation installed to maintain atmospheric dust below the OES, if not wear suitable protective equipment.
8.2.1.1. Respiratory protection
Use approved dust respirators to EN 149 category FFP2, or air stream-helmet for heavy exposure.
Use approved nitrile impregnated gloves having CE marks.
8.2.1.2. Hand protection
Tight fitting EN 166 standard goggles with side shields, or wide vision full goggles. Do not wear contact lenses when handling this product. It is also advisable to have individual pocket eyewash.
8.2.1.3. Eye protection
SDS CaO CM 10-2006 Corporate EN Page 3/6
SDS CaO CM 10-2006 Corporate EN Page 4/6
8.2.1.4. Skin protection
Clothing fully covering skin, full length pants, long sleeved overalls, with close fittings at openings. Footwear resistant to caustics, and avoiding dust penetration.
8.2.1.5. General safety and hygiene measure
Wear clean, dry personal protective equipment.
Barrier cream can be used if necessary.
If heavily exposed daily, employees must shower, and if necessary use a barrier cream to protect exposed skin, particularly neck, face and wrists.
8.2.2. Environmental exposure controls
All ventilation systems should be filtered before discharge to atmosphere.
9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
9.1. General information
9.1.1. Appearance
White or off white (beige) solid material of varying sizes: Lump, granular or fine powder.
9.1.2. Odour
Slight earthy odour.
9.2. Important health, safety and environmental information
Remark
Calcium oxide reacts exothermically with water to form Calcium hydroxide:
CaO + H2O �� Ca(OH)2 + 1155 kJ/kg CaO
pH
12,4 Ca(OH)2 saturated solution at 25°C
Solubility in water
1850 mg/l at 0°C
1650 mg/l at 20°C
770 mg/l at 100°C
Solubility
Soluble in ammonium salts, acids and glycerine.
Insoluble in alcohol.
9.3. Other information
Melting point
2570°C
Boiling point
2850°C at 100 hPa
Specific gravity
3,3 – 3,4 g/cm³ at 20°C
Bulk density
700 – 1300 kg/m³ at 20°C
Vapour pressure
Non volatile
Partition coefficient
Not applicable
Flash point
Not applicable
Flammability
Not flammable
Explosive properties
Not flammable
10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
10.1. Conditions to avoid
Minimise exposure to air and moisture to avoid degradation.
10.2. Materials to avoid
Calcium oxide reacts exothermically with water to form Calcium hydroxide:
CaO + H2O �� Ca(OH)2 + 1155 kJ/kg CaO
Calcium oxide reacts exothermically with acids to form Calcium salts.
Calcium oxide reacts with aluminium and brass in the presence of moisture leading to the production of hydrogen:
CaO + 2 Al + 7 H2O → Ca(Al(OH)4)2 + 3 H2
10.3. Additional remarks
Calcium oxide absorbs moisture and carbon dioxide from air to form calcium carbonate, which is a common substance in nature.
11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
11.1. Acute effect
Eye contact
Risk of serious damage to eyes.
Inhalation
Inhalation of dust causes discomfort to the upper respiratory tract. Irritant to the respiratory tract in high concentration of dust.
SDS CaO CM 10-2006 Corporate EN Page 5/6
Ingestion
Calcium oxide is not toxic. Large amounts may cause irritation to the gastrointestinal tract.
Skin contact
Irritating to skin in the presence of moisture.
11.2. Long term exposure
Eye contact
Risk of serious damage to eyes.
Inhalation
Prolonged and repeated inhalation of dust may affect the respiratory tract.
Skin contact
In case of prolonged skin contact, product may cause serious damage to skin in combination with moisture.
12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
12.1. Ecotoxicity
12.1.1. Acute/Prolonged toxicity to fish
On C. carpio LC50 = 1070 mg/l for 96 hours, the substance is non-toxic because the LC50-value is > 100mg/l.
12.1.2. Acute/Prolonged toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
On aquatic crustacea LC50 = 160 mg/l for 24 hours.
12.1.3. Acute/Prolonged toxicity to aquatic plants
No test data
12.1.4. Toxicity to micro-organisms, e.g., bacteria
At high concentration, through the rise of temperature and pH, calcium oxide is used for disinfection of sewage sludge.
12.1.5. Chronic toxicity to aquatic organisms
No data
12.1.6. Toxicity to soil dwelling organisms
No data
12.1.7. Toxicity to terrestrial plants
No data however calcium oxide is used as a fertiliser.
12.1.8. General effect
Acute pH effect. Although this product is useful to correct water acidity, an excess of more than 1 g/l may be harmful to aquatic life.
pH value of > 12 will rapidly decrease as result dilution and carbonation.
12.2. Mobility
Calcium oxide reacts with water and/or carbon dioxide to form respectively calcium hydroxide and/or calcium carbonate, which are sparingly soluble, and so present a low mobility in most ground. Moreover those products are used as fertilisers.
12.3. Persistence and degradability
Calcium oxide reacts with moisture and carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate, which is a common substance in nature.
12.4. Bioaccumulative potential
No bioaccumulation detectable. Degradation products, soluble calcium compounds and calcium carbonate are naturally found in the ecosystem.
13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
Waste identification code according list of waste
Waste resulting of this product is not considered as dangerous according to the European Council decision of January 16, 2001, modifying the 2000/532/EC decision about the list of wastes (101304).
14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION
14.1. Transport consideration
14.1.1. Classification
Not classified as hazardous for transport.
14.1.2. ADR (Road)
Not subject to identification
14.1.3. RID (Rail)
Not subject to identification
14.1.4. IMDG / GGVSea (Sea)
Not subject to identification
14.1.5. IATA-DGR / ICTAO-TI(Air)
UN Code 1910 – Class 8 – Packaging Group PG III
14.2. Special precaution
Avoid any release of dust during transportation, by using tight tanks for powders and covered trucks for pebbles.
15. REGULATORY INFORMATION
15.1. Labelling according to EEC-directives
15.1.1. Symbol and classification of the substance
Xi Irritant
15.1.2. Restriction of marketing and employment
None
15.1.3. National regulations
None
16. OTHER INFORMATION
16.1. Risk phrases
R37 Irritating to respiratory system
R38 Irritating to skin
R41 Risk of serious damage to eyes
In contrast to the powder itself, the product, when diluted with water, can produce severe skin damage in humans (alkaline burns), especially if prolonged skin contacts take place.
16.2. Safety phrases
S2 Keep out of reach of children
S25 Avoid contact with eyes
S26 In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice
S37 Wear suitable gloves
S39 Wear eye/face protection
16.3. Further information
This safety data sheet supplements the technical use instructions without replacing them. The information contained therein is based on the state of our knowledge regarding the product, at the mentioned date. They are provided in good faith. The users' attention is however drawn to eventual risks when the product is used for other purposes than those it is designed for. It does not exempt the user from knowing and applying all texts regulating his activity. It will be his sole responsibility to take all necessary precautions when using the product.
16.4. Guidance and references
Data sheet prepared in accordance with Directive 91/155/EEC modified by Directives 93/112/EEC, 99/45/EC and 2001/58/EC.
References:
IUCLID Dataset –2000
The Merck Index (Ed. Merck & Co, Rahway, USA)
Lime Minerals Chemicalss properties
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Wednesday, April 20, 2011
What is Lime?
Lime chemical terminology explained - click here
Building lime terminology explained - click here
Other chemical & misc. terminology explained - click here
Lime is made from calcium carbonate. This can be found in a variety of forms for example chalk, limestone or sea shells. In the British Isles sources are almost invariably chalk or limestone. In the case of Singleton Birch, it is mainly chalk quarried in Lincolnshire.
To convert the raw material into lime, heating to temperatures between 800 C - 1000 C is required. At these temperatures the chalk breaks down by giving off carbon dioxide leaving calcium oxide which is known as quicklime.
Quicklime is unstable and reacts, often very rapidly, with water to form calcium hydroxide. This process produces heat and is known as hydration. When exposed to the atmosphere this calcium hydroxide can react again by absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to once again become calcium carbonate.
This is known as the lime cycle and is shown in the diagram below.
It is calcium hydroxide which, when mixed with sand to make a mortar, builders have used over the millennia. The setting process is the re-absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere called carbonation.
Calcium hydroxide can be used by Builders in two forms, firstly, if it is hydrated with an excess of water, lime putty is produced or if the water quantity is reduced a powder is formed which can be bagged.
All sources of pure calcium carbonate produce a similar result, however the Romans discovered that the calcium hydroxide would also react with volcanic ash, essentially a mixture of silica and alumina. The resulting mixes set very much harder and for the first time enabled structures of high strength to be built. By varying the quantity of silica and alumina, mortars (and lime concretes) of different strengths could be produced. These reactions are referred to as pozzolanic, from the town of Pozzuoli in Italy from where the original material came.
The processes described so far use chalk or limestone that is relatively pure containing over 95% calcium carbonate. However some limestones are less pure and can contain quantities of silica and alumina which when heated produce very similar results to the Roman mixes of pure lime with volcanic ash. These impure limestones if they contain quantities of silica and alumina are referred to as Natural Hydraulic Limes (NHL).
Hydraulic in this context refers to the ability of the material to set under water as opposed to pure air limes which can only set when exposed to atmospheric carbon dioxide. As with addition of pozzolanic silica and alumina, the strength of NHL's depends upon the quality of these materials in the limestone. As the quantities increase so does the strength but also the free lime (calcium hydroxide) in the mortar reduces so that the set depends more on chemical reaction and the process of carbonation reduces.
Singleton Birch have worked to develop a range of NHL products by sourcing the appropriate chalk or limestone for burning, based on its' geology and mineralogy.
back to top
Lime terminology
calcium carbonate
also known as: chalk, limestone, agricultural lime
chemical formula: CaCO3
calcium oxide
also known as: quicklime, burnt lime
chemical formula: CaO
calcium hydroxide
also known as: hydrated lime, slaked lime
chemical formula: Ca(OH)2
back to top
Building Lime terminology
Air lime
Air lime, or high calcium lime does not have any hydraulic component. It can be quicklime for slaking or hydrated lime. It gains strength slowly, by combining with atmospheric carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate (as per the lime cycle). Several grades of air lime are identified in EN459 the European standard for Building Lime.
Hydraulic lime
Lime with hydraulic or cementitious properties which will set when exposed to moisture. Several grades of hydraulic lime are identified in EN459 the European standard for Building Lime.
Natural hydraulic lime
Hydraulic lime which does not contain any performance enhancing additives. Its properties are as a result of the mineralogy of the calcium carbonate stone which is quarried for burning.
Hydrated lime
Hydrated lime is NOT hydraulic lime and will not set in contact with water.
CL90 & CL90 S
Grades of air lime for building as described in EN459 the European standard for Building Lime. CL90 is the purest grade of building quicklime and CL90 S is the purest grade of hydrated lime for building. Several grades of air lime are identified in EN459 the European standard for Building Lime.
back to top
Other chemical & misc. terminology
carbon dioxide
chemical formula: CO2
water
chemical formula: H20
silica
chemical formula: Si02
alumina
chemical formula: Al203
back to top
Building lime terminology explained - click here
Other chemical & misc. terminology explained - click here
Lime is made from calcium carbonate. This can be found in a variety of forms for example chalk, limestone or sea shells. In the British Isles sources are almost invariably chalk or limestone. In the case of Singleton Birch, it is mainly chalk quarried in Lincolnshire.
To convert the raw material into lime, heating to temperatures between 800 C - 1000 C is required. At these temperatures the chalk breaks down by giving off carbon dioxide leaving calcium oxide which is known as quicklime.
Quicklime is unstable and reacts, often very rapidly, with water to form calcium hydroxide. This process produces heat and is known as hydration. When exposed to the atmosphere this calcium hydroxide can react again by absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to once again become calcium carbonate.
This is known as the lime cycle and is shown in the diagram below.
It is calcium hydroxide which, when mixed with sand to make a mortar, builders have used over the millennia. The setting process is the re-absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere called carbonation.
Calcium hydroxide can be used by Builders in two forms, firstly, if it is hydrated with an excess of water, lime putty is produced or if the water quantity is reduced a powder is formed which can be bagged.
All sources of pure calcium carbonate produce a similar result, however the Romans discovered that the calcium hydroxide would also react with volcanic ash, essentially a mixture of silica and alumina. The resulting mixes set very much harder and for the first time enabled structures of high strength to be built. By varying the quantity of silica and alumina, mortars (and lime concretes) of different strengths could be produced. These reactions are referred to as pozzolanic, from the town of Pozzuoli in Italy from where the original material came.
The processes described so far use chalk or limestone that is relatively pure containing over 95% calcium carbonate. However some limestones are less pure and can contain quantities of silica and alumina which when heated produce very similar results to the Roman mixes of pure lime with volcanic ash. These impure limestones if they contain quantities of silica and alumina are referred to as Natural Hydraulic Limes (NHL).
Hydraulic in this context refers to the ability of the material to set under water as opposed to pure air limes which can only set when exposed to atmospheric carbon dioxide. As with addition of pozzolanic silica and alumina, the strength of NHL's depends upon the quality of these materials in the limestone. As the quantities increase so does the strength but also the free lime (calcium hydroxide) in the mortar reduces so that the set depends more on chemical reaction and the process of carbonation reduces.
Singleton Birch have worked to develop a range of NHL products by sourcing the appropriate chalk or limestone for burning, based on its' geology and mineralogy.
back to top
Lime terminology
calcium carbonate
also known as: chalk, limestone, agricultural lime
chemical formula: CaCO3
calcium oxide
also known as: quicklime, burnt lime
chemical formula: CaO
calcium hydroxide
also known as: hydrated lime, slaked lime
chemical formula: Ca(OH)2
back to top
Building Lime terminology
Air lime
Air lime, or high calcium lime does not have any hydraulic component. It can be quicklime for slaking or hydrated lime. It gains strength slowly, by combining with atmospheric carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate (as per the lime cycle). Several grades of air lime are identified in EN459 the European standard for Building Lime.
Hydraulic lime
Lime with hydraulic or cementitious properties which will set when exposed to moisture. Several grades of hydraulic lime are identified in EN459 the European standard for Building Lime.
Natural hydraulic lime
Hydraulic lime which does not contain any performance enhancing additives. Its properties are as a result of the mineralogy of the calcium carbonate stone which is quarried for burning.
Hydrated lime
Hydrated lime is NOT hydraulic lime and will not set in contact with water.
CL90 & CL90 S
Grades of air lime for building as described in EN459 the European standard for Building Lime. CL90 is the purest grade of building quicklime and CL90 S is the purest grade of hydrated lime for building. Several grades of air lime are identified in EN459 the European standard for Building Lime.
back to top
Other chemical & misc. terminology
carbon dioxide
chemical formula: CO2
water
chemical formula: H20
silica
chemical formula: Si02
alumina
chemical formula: Al203
back to top
Lime Mineral Data
Help on Chemical Formula: Chemical Formula: CaO
Help on Composition: Composition: Molecular Weight = 56.08 gm
Calcium 71.47 % Ca 100.00 % CaO
Oxygen 28.53 % O
______ ______
100.00 % 100.00 % = TOTAL OXIDE
Help on Empirical Formula: Empirical Formula: CaO
Help on Environment: Environment: Thermally metamorphosed calcareous ejecta.
Help on IMA Status: IMA Status: Valid Species (Pre-IMA) 1935
Help on Locality: Locality: Vesuvius, Campania, Italy Link to MinDat.org Location Data.
Help on Name Origin: Name Origin: Named from the Old English, quicklime.
Help on Name Pronunciation: Name Pronunciation: Lime Say LIME
Help on Synonym: Synonym: Calcium Oxide
Chaux
ICSD 75785
PDF 37-1497
Help on Composition: Composition: Molecular Weight = 56.08 gm
Calcium 71.47 % Ca 100.00 % CaO
Oxygen 28.53 % O
______ ______
100.00 % 100.00 % = TOTAL OXIDE
Help on Empirical Formula: Empirical Formula: CaO
Help on Environment: Environment: Thermally metamorphosed calcareous ejecta.
Help on IMA Status: IMA Status: Valid Species (Pre-IMA) 1935
Help on Locality: Locality: Vesuvius, Campania, Italy Link to MinDat.org Location Data.
Help on Name Origin: Name Origin: Named from the Old English, quicklime.
Help on Name Pronunciation: Name Pronunciation: Lime Say LIME
Help on Synonym: Synonym: Calcium Oxide
Chaux
ICSD 75785
PDF 37-1497
Thursday, April 14, 2011
Quicklime or Calcium Oxide
Inorganic compound, white or grayish white solid, chemical formula CaO, made by roasting limestone (calcium carbonate, CaCO3) until all the carbon dioxide (CO2) is driven off. One of the four most important basic chemical commodities, it is used as a refractory, as a flux in steel manufacture, as a CO2 absorbent, to remove contaminants from stack gases, to neutralize various acids, in pulp and paper, in insecticides and fungicides, in sewage treatment, and in the manufacture of glass, calcium carbide, and sodium carbonate. Adding water to lime yields calcium hydroxide (slaked lime, calcium hydrate, hydrated lime, or caustic lime), which is used in mortar, plasters, cements, whitewash, hide dehairing, and water softening and purification and as a source of other calcium salts.
Search More
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calcium oxide
calcium oxide, chemical compound, CaO, a colorless, cubic crystalline or white amorphous substance. It is also called lime, quicklime, or caustic lime, but commercial lime often contains impurities, e.g., silica, iron, alumina, and magnesia. It is prepared by heating calcium carbonate calcium carbonate, CaCO3, white chemical compound that is the most common nonsiliceous mineral. It occurs in two crystal forms: calcite, which is hexagonal, and aragonite, which is rhombohedral.. (e.g., limestone limestone, sedimentary rock wholly or in large part composed of calcium carbonate. It is ordinarily white but may be colored by impurities, iron oxide making it brown, yellow, or red and carbon making it blue, black, or gray. The texture varies from coarse to fine.in a special lime kiln to about 500°C; to 600°C;, decomposing it into the oxide and carbon dioxide. Calcium oxide is widely used in industry, e.g., in making porcelain and glass; in purifying sugar; in preparing bleaching powder bleaching powder, white or nearly white powder that is usually a mixture of calcium chloride hypochlorite, CaCl(OCl); calcium hypochlorite, Ca(OCl)2; and calcium chloride, CaCl2. , calcium carbide, and calcium cyanamide; in water softeners; and in mortars and cements. In agriculture it is used for treating acidic soils (liming liming (lim`ing), application to the soil of calcium in various forms, generally as ground limestone, but also as marl, chalk, . It is incandescent when heated to high temperatures; the Drummond light, or limelight, provides a brilliant white light by heating a cylinder of lime with the flame of an oxyhydrogen torch. Calcium oxide is a basic anhydride, reacting with water to form calcium hydroxide calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2, colorless crystal or white powder. It is prepared by reacting calcium oxide (lime) with water, a process called slaking, and is also known as hydrated lime or slaked lime. the link for more information. ; during the reaction (slaking) much heat is given off and the solid nearly doubles its volume.
Limestone
Limestone is a "chemical" sedimentary rock that is composed mostly of calcite (CaCO3) that precipitates from seawater. Limestone, the most common chemical sedimentary rock in Texas, is commonly white to gray. Because the dominant mineral is calcite, limestone reacts with a strong effervescence when tested using a dilute acid such as hydrochloric acid or vinegar. Groundwater is slightly acidic and, hence, slowly dissolves limestone. This process has produced the caves of Texas.
Variations of limestone include marl, a muddy limestone, and chalk, a limestone composed of microscopic calcareous algae and tiny shells of marine organisms. Limestone is common in the Hill Country and the Trans-Pecos of Texas. Limestone in Texas is quarried for cement, aggregate, and building stone. High-calcium-content limestone is used in water purification and sewage treatment.
The limestone sample in the Texas Rock Kit was collected in Travis County and is Cretaceous in age.
Variations of limestone include marl, a muddy limestone, and chalk, a limestone composed of microscopic calcareous algae and tiny shells of marine organisms. Limestone is common in the Hill Country and the Trans-Pecos of Texas. Limestone in Texas is quarried for cement, aggregate, and building stone. High-calcium-content limestone is used in water purification and sewage treatment.
The limestone sample in the Texas Rock Kit was collected in Travis County and is Cretaceous in age.
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